Comparison of International Stock market Volatility: An Empirical Analysis during Economic Crisis 2008 and Covid-19

The repercussions occasionally are more detrimental than the storm. Similar is the scenario of the Economic Crisis 2008. It was devastating at the moment, but the concern was more towards the time period it has prolonged in the economy. In mid-March 2020, when our honourable Prime Minister announced about the entire nation lockdown, Covid-19 was proven to be a pandemic that not only deteriorated the health of the nation but also was a revolutionary change for the economy as well. Hence, estimating volatility in such dreadful scenarios becomes extremely important. Earlier researchers have made an attempt to study the impact of these two devastating events individually. However, this study makes an attempt to provide a comparative analysis of the volatility of Economic Crisis 2008 and Covid 19 in order to observe the nature of volatility in two different events of top 10 economies which comprises 66% of the whole world's GDP and accordingly can be taken as intermediary to address the world's economy.The data has been bifurcated into two sections, first comprises of Economic Crisis 2008 Period ranging from 1st of January 2008 to 31st of May 2011. While second section comprises of Covid-19 Period ranging from January 1, 2020 to May 12, 2021. In order to estimate the volatility and effect GARCH, T-GARCH and E-GARCH models have been applied for the fulfilment of the objective. The results provide with the conclusion that there has been significant impact of both the events on the volatility of the stock market.The study can be beneficial for the financial analysts and, retail and individual investors in order to make a prudent decision in such extremities as it presents with an insight of how different economies react to different circumstances correspondingly. © The Electrochemical Society

The outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on volatility of Indian stock market: evidence from top ten stocks of Bombay Stock Exchange

This study estimates the influence of COVID-19 on the volatility of the top ten companies of the Indian stock market. For the purpose of estimation, daily return series of these companies have been examined for a period of five years from May 2016 to May 2021. COVID-19 as variance exogenous in the GARCH (1, 1) model was employed. The time period is divided into three phases, pre-COVID (2016-2019), first phase of COVID (2020), and the second phase (2021). The results reveal that there has been a significant impact of COVID-19 on the volatility of the companies. HDFC Bank has considered being the most volatile of all, whereas, Infosys is considered the least volatile of all, taking only three days to die out the change. The study can be of most relevant to portfolio managers and financial analyst to make an informed decision regarding the diversification of their portfolio.

Food-based probiotics: Functional dietary ingredients

Probiotics are included in the group of health promoting functional foods that promotes good gut health through the supply of essential metabolites with therapeutic characteristics. Promoting a healthy digestive tract and a healthy immune system are their most widely studied benefits of late. A series of food and pharmaceutical products have drawn the attention and interest of consumers due to their exclusive health benefits. Therefore, food-based probiotics are gaining popularity in the recent years, even though there is an increase in commercially available probiotic supplements. Probiotics can be naturally found in some food groups, whereas, the other food groups can act as a vehicle for probiotics. One of the most abundant sources of probiotics is the group of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), which plays an important role in preventing intestinal problems. Under certain stress conditions, intestinal microbiota may be altered manifesting in gut disorders. Probiotic bacteria stimulate the growth of indigenous beneficial gut microbiota by inhibiting the growth of opportunistic pathogenic microbes. These are also commonly known as healthy bacteria which are obtained from food, beverages and dietary supplements. Thus, this chapter will focus on the probiotics naturally occurring across different food groups of the food pyramid, and also their potential in fermented food products for healthy diets. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multiple etiological factors led septicemic disease with mass mortality of fishes in freshwater reservoir of Odisha, India

A detailed investigation on mass mortality of fishes was conducted in a small tropical reservoir- Derjang (20o50'32.0"N, 85o01'14.8″E), Odisha, India. Mortality mostly occurred in Systomus sarana followed by Labeo rohita , Cirrhinus mrigala , Labeo catla , Ompok bimaculatus , Labeo calbasu and Mastacembelus armatus. During 20 days of disease occurrence in May–June 2019, a total of about 3000 kg of fish died. The clinical signs in Cyprinid group were haemorrhagic spots, ulcerative lesions, rotten and pale patches in gills due to septicemic disease whereas haemorrhagic spots were the only prominent symptoms observed in Silurid group. Bacteriological isolation and identification through conventional and molecular techniques revealed that Klebsiella pneumoniae was the most common pathogen recovered from S. sarana , C. mrigala and O. bimaculatus. Further Aeromonas hydrophila , Acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from L. rohita and L. catla respectively. The role of these pathogens for this disease outbreak in multiple fish species is discussed in perspective of environmental factors. Sudden environmental alternation by the supercyclone Fani (3rd May 2019) on the coastal part of Odisha might have played a key role to translate the aquatic bacteria into the virulent infective pathogens. In the experimental challenge study, isolated bacteria showed pathogenicity in respective hosts as that in the reservoir. Thus this further revealed both bacteria and fish specific virulency with a variation in LD 50 values. All the gram negative bacterial isolates were found to resist ampicillin and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and most of them were TEM gene positive. However, the bacteria were found to be susceptible to the rest of the nineteen antibiotics. These findings suggested that the sudden cyclone is an enormous threat to reservoir aquaculture, and should be taken into consideration before breeding, stocking and harvesting of fishes. • Disease outbreak in reservoir during Summer, 2019 caused mass mortality of many freshwater fishes with septicemic symptoms • Klebsiella pnumoniae was the most dominating pathogen recovered, besides Aeromonas hydrophila and Acinetobacter baumannii • Sudden environmental alternation by the cyclone Fani might have played a key role to flare up the virulent pathogens. • Specificity and virulence of bacteria were found host-dependent with variable LD 50 as revealed by challenge experiments [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Aquaculture is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)